Trans fatty acids – A risk factor for cardiovascular disease
Abstract
Trans fatty acids (TFA) are produced either by hydrogenation of unsaturated oils or by biohydrogenation in the stomach of ruminant animals. Vanaspati ghee and margarine have high contents of TFA. A number of studies have shown an association of TFA consumption and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This increased risk is because TFA increase the ratio of LDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization have come up with the recommendation that the contents of TFA in human dietary fat should be reduced to less than 4%. There is high prevalence of CVD in Pakistan. High consumption of vanaspati ghee which contains 14.2-34.3% of TFA could be one of the factors for this increased burden of CVD in Pakistan. Consumption of dietary fat low in TFA would be helpful in reducing the risk of CVD in South Asia. Denmark by banning the sale of food items with TFA has brought down the number of deaths due to coronary heart disease by nearly 50% over a period of 20 years. Public awareness about the adverse effects of TFA on human health would be extremely important. Media can play a very effective role in educating the masses and advocating the policy for the sale of only low TFA food items.
Literature sources: Google and US National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health were the sources of papers cited in this review article.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12669/pjms.301.4525
How to cite this:Iqbal MP. Trans fatty acids – a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Pak J Med Sci 2014;30(1):194-197. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12669/pjms.301.4525
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.

Comments on this article
by Bandar Dewi (2017-09-14)
by Obat Pelangsing Badan (2017-10-25)
by Obat Tidur (2017-10-31)
by info judi online (2017-11-01)
by Kondom Sambung (2017-12-08)
by songjoong songjoong (2017-12-24)
by silver lombard (2018-01-10)
by Cara Pria (2018-01-26)
by tinah sutinah (2018-02-02)
by tinah sutinah (2018-02-03)
by songjoong songjoong (2018-02-05)
by tinah sutinah (2018-02-07)
by tinah sutinah (2018-02-09)
by tinah sutinah (2018-02-15)
by tinah sutinah (2018-02-16)
by Nyai Ismi Nur Hura (2018-02-20)
by Obat Penghancur Batu Ginjal (2018-02-21)
by Nyai Ismi Nur Hura (2018-03-02)
by Obat Penghilang Tato (2018-03-02)
by Javid Garshasbi (2018-03-10)
by songjoong songjoong (2018-03-14)
by Nyai Ismi Nur Hura (2018-03-15)
by Nyai Ismi Nur Hura (2018-03-22)
by Nyai Ismi Nur Hura (2018-03-22)
by pakistan meureun (2018-04-05)
by Javid Garshasbi (2018-04-10)
by pakistan meureun (2018-04-12)
by Nyai Ismi Nur Hura (2018-04-18)
by songjoong songjoong (2018-04-25)
by tinah sutinah (2018-04-26)
by tinah sutinah (2018-04-30)
by Anni Cahyani (2018-05-04)
by Mas Rizal Rizal Shop (2018-05-06)
by Mas Rizal Rizal Shop (2018-05-06)
by Mas Rizal Rizal Shop (2018-05-06)
by Mas Rizal Rizal Shop (2018-05-06)
by Mas Rizal Rizal Shop (2018-05-06)
by Mas Rizal Rizal Shop (2018-05-06)
by Mas Rizal Rizal Shop (2018-05-06)
by Mas Rizal Rizal Shop (2018-05-06)
by Mas Rizal Rizal Shop (2018-05-06)
by Mas Rizal Rizal Shop (2018-05-06)
by Mas Rizal Rizal Shop (2018-05-06)
by Lim Melinda Lim Lim (2018-05-10)
by tinah sutinah (2018-05-19)
by tinah sutinah (2018-05-19)
by khasiathammer khasiathammer khasiathammer khasiathammer (2018-05-19)
by khasiathammer khasiathammer khasiathammer khasiathammer (2018-05-19)
by haytham ali (2018-05-19)
by komara sanjaya (2018-05-23)
by komara sanjaya (2018-05-24)
by tinah sutinah (2018-05-26)
by songjoong songjoong (2018-05-29)
by luiz correia (2018-05-31)
by luiz correia (2018-05-31)
by iran zahra hanri shahbazi (2018-06-05)
by tinah sutinah (2018-06-09)
by tieu ni tu (2018-06-14)
by iran zahra hanri shahbazi (2018-06-21)
by luiz correia (2018-06-21)
by luiz correia (2018-06-21)
by komara sanjaya (2018-06-26)
by xajul dia susanti (2018-06-26)
by xajul dia susanti (2018-06-26)
by xajul dia susanti (2018-06-26)
by xajul dia susanti (2018-06-26)
by xajul dia susanti (2018-06-26)
by xajul dia susanti (2018-06-26)
by xajul dia susanti (2018-06-26)
by xajul dia susanti (2018-06-26)
by xajul dia susanti (2018-06-26)
by xajul dia susanti (2018-06-26)
by xajul dia susanti (2018-06-26)
by xajul dia susanti (2018-06-26)
by Obat Batu Empedu (2018-06-27)
by awan gumilang (2018-06-27)
by Nyai Ismi Nur Hura (2018-06-27)
by komara sanjaya (2018-07-10)
by luiz correia (2018-07-17)
by luiz correia (2018-07-17)
by luiz correia (2018-07-17)
by Technical Support (2018-07-24)
by Technical Support (2018-07-24)
by Technical Support (2018-07-24)
by Technical Support (2018-07-24)
by Technical Support (2018-07-24)
by Technical Support (2018-07-24)
by Technical Support (2018-07-24)
by reseller propolis (2018-07-25)
by reseller propolis (2018-07-25)
by Technical Support (2018-07-26)
by Technical Support (2018-07-26)
by Technical Support (2018-07-26)
by Technical Support (2018-07-26)
by Technical Support (2018-07-26)
by Technical Support (2018-07-26)
by Technical Support (2018-07-26)
by rindu page (2018-07-26)
by rindu page (2018-08-04)
by reseller propolis (2018-08-06)
by reseller propolis (2018-08-06)
by reseller propolis (2018-08-09)
by reseller propolis (2018-08-13)
by sara shahab (2018-08-17)
by vahid sarab sarabi sarab (2018-08-18)
by vahid sarab sarabi sarab (2018-08-18)
by vahid sarab sarabi sarab (2018-08-18)
by vahid sarab sarabi sarab (2018-08-18)
by vahid sarab sarabi sarab (2018-08-18)
by vahid sarab sarabi sarab (2018-08-18)
by John Smith (2018-08-21)
by sara shahab (2018-08-25)
by reseller propolis (2018-08-27)
by walatra herbal07 (2018-08-28)
by walatra herbal (2018-08-28)
by Situs Judi Online Jenny Kusuma Wu (2018-08-28)
by Webtech Coupons (2018-09-03)
by reseller propolis (2018-09-06)
by reseller propolis (2018-09-06)
by walatra herbal07 (2018-09-06)
by reseller propolis (2018-09-08)
by payung bagus banget (2018-09-14)
by reseller propolis (2018-09-15)
by payung bagus banget (2018-09-17)
by payung bagus banget (2018-09-17)
by sara shahab (2018-10-02)
by Olivia Jones (2018-10-04)
by Mr Glenn Maxwell Maxwell (2018-10-14)
by Mr Glenn Maxwell Maxwell (2018-10-14)
by Mr Glenn Maxwell Maxwell (2018-10-14)
by Mr Glenn Maxwell Maxwell (2018-10-14)
by Mr Glenn Maxwell Maxwell (2018-10-14)
by Sofia Martine (2018-10-15)
by Gregory Peck (2018-10-18)
by Javid Garshasbi (2018-10-24)
by payung bagus banget (2018-10-24)
by reseller propolis (2018-10-26)
by Nyai Ismi Nur Hura (2018-10-28)
by mantap poker (2018-10-29)
by Mr Glenn Maxwell Maxwell (2018-11-09)
by Javid Garshasbi (2018-11-10)
by walatra herbal07 (2018-11-17)
by payung bagus banget (2018-11-19)
by sara shahab (2018-11-23)
by Javid Garshasbi (2018-12-02)
by silver lombard (2018-12-06)
by Javid Garshasbi (2018-12-16)
by Javid Garshasbi (2018-12-17)
by Javid Garshasbi (2018-12-17)
by poker online situs judi (2018-12-29)
by poker online situs judi (2018-12-29)
by poker online situs judi (2018-12-29)
by poker online situs judi (2018-12-29)
by Mr Glenn Maxwell Maxwell (2019-01-07)
by Mr Glenn Maxwell Maxwell (2019-01-07)
by Mr Glenn Maxwell Maxwell (2019-01-07)
by Mr Glenn Maxwell Maxwell (2019-01-07)
by Mr Glenn Maxwell Maxwell (2019-01-07)
by silver lombard (2019-01-08)
by reseller propolis (2019-01-14)
by Lucia Mandela (2019-02-01)
by jawapkr blog (2019-03-07)
by jawapkr blog (2019-03-07)
by jawapkr blog (2019-03-07)
by walatra herbal07 (2019-03-07)
by Lucia Mandela (2019-03-13)
by Horas tour murah medan (2019-03-19)
by silver lombard (2019-03-19)
by Horas tour murah medan (2019-03-25)
by Horas tour murah medan (2019-03-25)
by Horas tour murah medan (2019-03-25)
by trimelo trimelo (2019-03-25)
by Javid Garshasbi (2019-04-08)
by Javid Garshasbi (2019-04-08)
by Javid Garshasbi (2019-04-08)
by trimelo trimelo (2019-04-25)
by dylan eales (2019-05-23)
by Javid Garshasbi (2021-02-19)