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Volume 25 |
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Volume 25 |
October - December 2009 (Part-I) |
Number 5 |
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Frequency of cardiac defects among children at
echocardiography centre in a teaching hospital
A. Salam Malik1, Rukhsana Majeed2, M. Saleem Channer3, M. Imran Saleem4
ABSTRACT
Objective: To assess frequency of cardiac defects among children from birth to 12 years of age on echocardiography basis.
Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted at echocardiography centre in coronary care unit at Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur for fifteen months from April 2007 to July 2008. A sample of 150 patients (<12 years age) were selected by non-probability convenience sampling technique. The cardiologists performed echocardiography by Paediatric Transthoracic echo probe; 2-D colour Doppler, Acuson CV-70 & Niemo-30 echocardiography machines. Mothers of children with cardiac defects were interviewed at the echocardiography centre. Variables included were A- Muscular plus Vascular defects; B- Valvular defects; C-Pericardial effusion; D- Dextrocardia and E- Congestive cardiac failure. History of children for sore throat followed by joint pains; history of mothers for drug intake (antihypertensive, antipyretic, anti-emetic, hypoglycaemic) as well as chronic diseases (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, anaemia) during pregnancy were surveyed. Parity of mothers, their cousin marriages, and family socio-economic status was also inquired. The results were tabulated, analyzed and finally subjected to suitable test of significant (SR of proportion) to find out statistical significant if any.
Results: It was found that out of 150 patients, 76 (50.66%) were suffering from Cardiac muscular and Vascular defects, 61 (40.66%) Valvular defects, 7 (4.66%) Pericardial effusion, 2 (1.33%) Dextrocardia and 4 (2.66%) from Congestive Cardiac Failure. According to age, 54 (36%) were from birth to 3 years of age and 51 (34%) from 10 to 12 years. There was history of Rheumatic fever among 45 (30%) children. There were 106 (70.6%) children from lower socio-economic class and 79 (52.6%) parents had history of cousin marriages.
Conclusion: Frequency of cardiac defects was more in children of male sex, lower socio-economic group, from birth to three years age and children from primipara mothers in our specified locality. Rheumatic fever, cousin’s marriage, and prescribed drugs intake during pregnancy (for metabolic and hormonal disorders) were other contributors to cardiac defects.
KEYWORDS:
Cardiomyopathy, Tetralogy of Fallot, Ventricular Septal Defect, Pericardial Effusion, Dextrocardia, Echocardiography.Pak J Med Sci October - December 2009 (Part-I) Vol. 25 No. 5 712-717
How to cite this article:
Malik AS, Majeed R, Channer MS, Saleem MI. Frequency of cardiac defects among children at echocardiography centre in a teaching hospital. Pak J Med Sci 2009;25(5):712-717.
1. Dr. Abdul Salam Malik,
MBBS, DCH, FCPS.
Assistant Prof Community Medicine,
Quaid-e-Azam Medical College Bahawalpur.
2. Dr. Rukhsana Majeed,
MBBS, MCPS, FCPS, MBA,
DCPS-HPE, Prof & Head of
Community Medicine Department,
Bolan Medical College, Quetta
3. Dr. Mohammad Saleem Channer,
MBBS, DCH, MCPS,
Assistant Prof Community Medicine,
Quaid-E-Azam Medical College Bahawalpur
4. Dr. Muhammad Imran Sale MBBS,
Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital,
Rawalpindi - Pakistan.
Correspondence:
Dr. Abdul Salam Malik,
52-B, B.V. Hospital Medical Colony,
Bahawalpur – Pakistan.
E-mail: salammalik62@hotmail.com
* Received for Publication: December 11, 2008
* Revision Received: October 8, 2009
* Revision Accepted: October 9, 2009
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